Pharmacological Treatment Paper - 808 Words

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADHD, is one of the most frequent psychiatric conditions recognized in children (Am, 2007). There are concerns with over-diagnosing children with ADHD and over-treating them with medication, even among some professionals. Society is often unaware of the effects of pharmacological treatment for children with this disorder and early health interventions. Through research, this paper will address the long-term effects of pharmacological treatment for children with ADHD. Despite the fact that symptoms are relieved by medication, the question that still remains is how health and educational outcomes are affected by pharmacological treatment? Conversely, several medications and their side†¦show more content†¦The long-term effects of children with ADHD persist into adulthood with co-morbidities and damaged psychosocial implementation (Europe Child Adolescence Psychiatry, 2011). There are over a hundred trials concerning drugs that treat ADHD, signifying that they are linked with an array of adverse effects. Generally, the adverse effects of the drugs are acceptable in society because they are labeled as mild or temporary. However, the specialized and public concern has been brought aware that these mild and temporary effects have the potential to cause severe effects that can include death and misuse of drugs. Children with ADHD are being exposed to drugs that have unreasonable hazards and effects that can harm their development and sleep. Effects on Sleep Sangal et al. (2006) conducted a study on how methylphenidate and atomoxetine effects sleep in children with ADHD. Compared to methylphenidate, children and parents documented that atomoxetine helped them fall asleep faster, sleep better, and get up easier in the morning. The significant differences in both medications were that methylphenidate decreased children’s appetite, both had differing effects on sleep, and methylphenidate had greater occurrences of insomnia. Methylphenidate’s sleep-onset latency was more than atomoxetine’s, drastically. Even though the treatments enhance performances on tasks, they cause sympathomimetic effects from the increasesShow MoreRelatedEfficacy And Psychological Interventions For Psychosis And Adolescents And Young Adults : A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis951 Words   |  4 Pages, Kendall, T. (2015). Efficacy and safety of pharmacological and psychological interventions for the treatment of psychosis an d schizophrenia in children, adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 10(2) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117166 Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and safety issues surrounding pharmacological and psychological interventions as treatments for psychosis and schizophrenia in children, adolescentsRead MoreAbout Alzheimers Disease And Dementia822 Words   |  4 Pagesindicators of memory loss. The article also describes the varying stages of the disease and its progression over time. I want my readers to understand why it is important to know how the disease progresses and why that plays a role in pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention selection. With that being said, I want readers to conclude that interventions will depend entirely on individual needs and a person’s stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Alexopoulos, G. S. (2008, July). Personalizing the CareRead MoreThe Effects Of Cardiovascular Effects On Executive Functioning1063 Words   |  5 Pagesto the serious unfavorable issues such as suicidality and cardiac death. Cardiovascular effects from psychopharmacological treatment can affect children with ADHD executive functioning. Effects on Executive Functioning Yildiz et al. (2011) conducted a randomized study on children with ADHD for 12 weeks to measure the adverse effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment. The most frequent events reported were weight loss, nausea, anorexia, nervousness, and abdominal pain. Although both drugsRead MoreThe Use Of Narcotics For Treatment Of Pain Essay973 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience, severity and tolerance of pain vary from one person to other. Non- pharmacological and pharmacological management helps to control the pain. Non- pharmacological management may not be entirely efficient; therefore, people seek pharmacological treatment for effective pain management. Various medications are provided to the individual experiencing pain to relieve discomfort. The use of narcotics for treatment of pain has been increasing remarkably. According to Spine-health (2015), theRead MoreMovie Sex And The City1735 Words   |  7 Pages The romantic comedy movie Sex and the City was centered on four main c haracters. The story was told in the point of view of the main character, Carrie Bradshaw. For the purpose of the concept analysis paper, we were told to evaluate possible characters who may exhibit possible mental disorders. According to MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary (2015), a mental disorder is define as the disorganization of emotions, personality, and mind that have a serious impact on the normal psychological functioningRead MoreCan Cognitive Training Slow Down The Progression Of Dementia?1392 Words   |  6 Pagesvariety of cognitive functions such as attention, memory and speed, which is different to general brain training that people may come across in their daily life (Kanaan et al., 2014). Various limitations such as the type of cognitive training, pharmacological treatments and the hours and intensity of training may impact the how beneficial cognitive training can be in slowing down the progression of dementia. Can Cognitive Training Slow Down the Progression of DementiaRead MoreDiverticulitis1670 Words   |  7 Pages 2006). These saclike or pouch protrusions have the potential to cause inflammation, obstruction, infection, and hemorrhage (Gramse, 1983). If left untreated, diverticulitis can be fatal from the above mentioned complications. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the sometimes subtle signs and symptoms of diverticulitis. Many people who experience this disorder are asymptomatic and it is important to catch the disorder before fatal complications have the opportunity to arise. The cause of diverticulitisRead MorePain Management1246 Words   |  5 Pagesburns that result in traumatic tissue damages. The topic of this research paper will be about pain management in patients with burns. The purpose of this paper is stated in following as a patient intervention comparison and outcome (PICO) format, in patients with severe burns who requires routine dressing changes, how does the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management compare to using pharmacological pain management alone affect the patient’s overall pain experience? ImportanceRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1132 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This research paper takes a look at a case study in which the individual is suffering from delusional disorder. Because delusional disorder and schizophrenia share many of the same characteristics, it is easy to mistake one for the other; therefore, the psychology professional must look at all the present symptoms as well as the history of the individual to make a clear diagnosis. When using the pharmacological approach in treating delusional disorders, the psychology professional mustRead MoreTreatment Options For Excoriation Disorder1232 Words   |  5 PagesTreatment Options for Excoriation Disorder Sarah Rebecca Carter Auburn University School of Nursing â€Æ' Treatment Options for Excoriation Disorder Excoriation disorder, also known as skin picking disorder, is characterized by the frequent scratching or picking of the skin. Picking most commonly occurs in areas of the body that the patient can reach, such as the arms, inner thighs, face, fingers, and upper back (Turner, Sutton, Sharma, 2014). The incessant skin picking can cause physical and/or

Guidelines For Pre Competition And During Competition...

Describe recommendations for pre competition and during competition dietary inane for the athlete competing in their even. ( grams of carbohydrates a day, grams of protein a day and timing of intake.) Soccer is a quick paced and Intense sport. It can also be very competitive and demanding to the body. During a soccer game a player is constantly active for 45 minutes, following a ten minute break and then another 45 minutes of constant activity. Nutrition is extremely important to an athlete’s performance and training. What they eat daily, and weekly will be a huge impact on the athletes performance and energy levels. Dehydration is a major factor an athlete needs to remember. Water is the most important thing for a soccer player. It is important that a soccer player starts hydrating a day or two before a game/tournament. The day before the game it is a good idea to keep sipping on a bottle of water throughout the whole day drinking about 2/3 litres of water through out the day and plenty at meals. Dehydration is also a major factor athletes need to remember. Water is important. A soccer player should always remain hydrated so they are ready prior for games and tournaments. A player can lose as much as three quarters of fluids in a fast paced game in hot climates (Mckenzie, N/A). Keeping your body hydrated is one of the most important nutritional matters. Fluids are used through the skin as sweat, but also due to the lungs when breathing. Hydrating yourself at

Lee v. Weisman (1992) - Prayers at School Graduation

How far can a school go when it comes to accommodating the religious beliefs of students and parents? Many schools have traditionally had someone offer prayers at important school events like graduations, but critics argue that such prayers violate the separation of church and state because they mean that the government is endorsing particular religious beliefs. Fast Facts: Lee v. Weisman Case Argued: November 6, 1991Decision Issued:Â  June 24, 1992Petitioner: Robert E. LeeRespondent: Daniel WeismanKey Question: Did letting a religious officiant offer a prayer during an official public school ceremony violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?Majority Decision: Justices Blackmun, O’Connor, Stevens, Kennedy, and SouterDissenting: Justices Rehnquist, White, Scalia, and ThomasRuling: Since the graduation was state-sponsored, the prayer was deemed in violation of the Establishment Clause. Background Information Nathan Bishop Middle School in Providence, RI, traditionally invited clergy to offer prayers at graduation ceremonies. Deborah Weisman and her father, Daniel, both of whom were Jewish, challenged the policy and filed suit in court, arguing that the school had turned itself into a house of worship after a rabbis benediction. At the disputed graduation, the rabbi thanked for: ...the legacy of America where diversity is celebrated...O God, we are grateful for the learning which we have celebrated on this joyous commencement...we give thanks to you, Lord, for keeping us alive, sustaining us and allowing us to reach this special, happy occasion. With help from the Bush administration, the school board argued that the prayer was not an endorsement of religion or of any religious doctrines. The Weismans were supported by the ACLU and other groups interested in religious freedom. Both the district and appellate courts agreed with the Weismans and found the practice of offering prayers unconstitutional. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court where the administration asked it to overturn the three-prong test created in Lemon v. Kurtzman. Court Decision Arguments were made on November 6th, 1991. On June 24th 1992, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that prayers during school graduation violate the Establishment Clause. Writing for the majority, Justice Kennedy found that officially sanctioned prayers in public schools were so clearly a violation that the case could be decided without relying upon the Courts earlier church/separation precedents, thus avoiding questions about the Lemon Test entirely. According to Kennedy, the governments involvement in religious exercises at graduation is pervasive and unavoidable. The state creates both public and peer pressure on students to rise for and remain silent during prayers. State officials not only determine that an invocation and benediction should be given, but also select the religious participant and provide guidelines for the content of the nonsectarian prayers. The Court viewed this extensive state participation as coercive in the elementary and secondary school settings. The state in effect required participation in a religious exercise, since the option of not attending one of lifes most significant occasions was no real choice. At a minimum, the Court concluded, the Establishment Clause guarantees that government may not coerce anyone to support or participate in religion or its exercise. What to most believers may seem nothing more than a reasonable request that the nonbeliever respect their religious practices, in a school context may appear to the nonbeliever or dissenter to be an attempt to employ the machinery of the State to enforce a religious orthodoxy. Although a person could stand for the prayer merely as a sign of respect for others, such an action could justifiably be interpreted as accepting the message. The control held by teachers and principals over the students actions forces those graduating to submit to the standards of behavior. This is sometimes referred to as the Coercion Test. Graduation prayers fail this test because they put impermissible pressure on students to participate in, or at least show respect for, the prayer. In a dictum, Justice Kennedy wrote about the importance of the separating church and state: The First Amendments Religion Clauses mean that religious beliefs and religious expression are too precious to be either proscribed or prescribed by the State. The design of the Constitution is that preservation and transmission of religious beliefs and worship is a responsibility and a choice committed to the private sphere, which itself is promised freedom to pursue that mission. [...] A state-created orthodoxy puts at grave risk that freedom of belief and conscience which are the sole assurance that religious faith is real, not imposed. In a sarcastic and scathing dissent, Justice Scalia said that prayer is a common and accepted practice of bringing people together and the government should be allowed to promote it. The fact that prayers can cause division for those who disagree with or are even offended by the content simply wasnt relevant, as far as he was concerned. He also didnt bother to explain how sectarian prayers from one religion could unify people of many different religions, never mind people with no religion at all. Significance This decision failed to reverse the standards established by the Court in Lemon. Instead, this ruling extended the prohibition of school prayer to graduation ceremonies and refused to accept the idea that a student would not be harmed by standing during the prayer without sharing the message contained in the prayer.

Symbolism In Edgar Allen Poes The Tell Tale Heart

How does the symbolism affect the meaning of a written piece, does it make it more or less important? Symbolism is used to represent ideas; that may imply deeper, hidden meaning than what the text directly states. Symbolism can be used in different ways throughout different books; for example, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, by Edgar Allen Poe and â€Å"Once upon a Time†, by Nadine Gordimer, contain a variety of symbolism that have the possibility of having two or more meanings. The problem with this is identifying what the text could really mean, and how that changes the story. How does comparing the use of symbolism in both stories and showing the difference in the stories direct text and length, with and without the implied symbolism, answer the†¦show more content†¦He has the old man murdered in his personal bedroom in his bed as the killer s weapon. Symbolism in this work of literature is highly important; without it the story would be a slightly confusing,sh own in the ending of the story when the murder hears the heartbeat, getting louder and louder, but nobody else can hear it and then admits his guilt attempting to stop the sound, metaphorically saying that the guilt (represented by the heart) he carried with him after murdering the old man grew and grew as if it was going to burst out of him, leading him to confess so his subconscious (also represented by the heart ) would be put at ease. Evident by the following quote,†Villains!† I shrieked ,†dissemble no more!I admit the deed! --tear up the planks!--here, here!--It is the beating of his hideous heart!†. Without the use of symbolism in these quotes, the meaning of the quotes and the rest of the piece would mean something completely different; Similar to what would happen in, â€Å"Once Upon a Time† by Nadine Gordimer, if you took out the symbolic pieces and read it specifically as it was written. Like in Poe’s previously stated piece, â€Å"Once Upon a Time†, by Nadine Gordimer is mostly made up ofShow MoreRelatedSymbolism in Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart In Poes The Tell-Tale Heart, the narrator claims that he is not mad but his behavior tells a different story. He is truly determined to destroy another male human being, not because of jealousy or animosity but because one of his eyes resembled that of a vulture- a pale blue eye, with a film over it (1206). The narrator sees the man with this ghastly eye as a threat to his well being, but it is he who is a menace to his own being. HeRead More Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart and the Symbolism of the Eye1221 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is the genius responsible for dark, twisting, and often uncomfortably wondrous gothic tales, and one of the best is The Tell-Tale Heart. This is a classic tale of a confused man who is so incredibly bothered by his housemates eye, that he (I am assuming this sexless character is male) thinks the only solution is to resort to cold-blooded murder. Poe incorporates the symbol of the old mans eye in The Tell-Tale Heart, which has both ph ysical and psychological meaning, it alsoRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe and His Work Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allen Poe and His Work Outline I. Introductory Paragraph I.1. Thesis statement I.2. High points II. First Paragraph II.1. Brief history of life III. Second Paragraph III.1. Edgars Writing Style III.2. Examples IV. Specific poems and short stories IV.1. Examples V. Conclusion Paragraph V.1. Restating thesis statement V.2. Restating high points of the paper Edgar Allen Poe was one of the great writers of this world. He created several poems and short stories of aRead MorePoe: An Analysis of His Work862 Words   |  4 Pages The Portable Edgar Allen Poe, edited by J. Gerald Kennedy, is a phenomenal compilation of works from one of Americas greatest writers of the nineteenth century. Published in 2006, the book contains short stories, poems, and letters, written by Edgar Allen Poe. Full of lies, hope, revenge, and guilt, the stories in this assemblage are suspenseful and convey powerful messages. Of all the amazing stories that comprise this anthology, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, â€Å"The Black Cat†, and â€Å"The Pit and theRead MoreComparitve Analysis of the Raven Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1257 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Analysis of the Tell Tale Heart and the Raven Edgar Allen Poe was the author of several daunting works of literature. Two examples of Edgar Allen Poes literature are The Tell Tale Heart and The Raven. If we compare these two works, one a short story and the other a poem, we will see that Poe shows great mastery of symbolism, as well as other forms of literary technique. In these two stories, many people would say that Poe uses the tales to reflect the way he perceivesRead MoreThe Gothic Theme of Edgar Allen Poes Work1357 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was an English short-story writer whose work reflects the traditional Gothic conventions of the time that subverted the ambivalence of the grotesque and arabesque. Through thematic conventions of the Gothic genre, literary devices and his own auteur, Edgar Allan Poe’s texts are considered sublime examples of Gothic fiction. The Gothic genre within Poe’s work such as The Tell-Tale Heart, The Black Cat, and The Raven, arouse the pervasive nature of the dark side of individualism andRead MoreSymbolism In The Tell Tale Heart And The Tell Tale Heart987 Words   |  4 Pages How does the symbolism affect the meaning of a written piece, does it make it more or less important? Symbolism is used to represent ideas; that may imply deeper, hidden meaning than what the text directly states. Symbolism can be used in different ways throughout different books; for example, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, by Edgar Allen Poe and â€Å"Once upon a Time†, by Nadine Gordimer, contain a variety of symbolism that have the possibility of having two or more meanings. The problem with this is identifyingRead More The Ghastly Writings of Poe Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ghastly Writings of Poe Edgar Allen Poe makes tales of imagination and fantasies the irrefutable realms of fear. His tales and poems â€Å"have influenced the literary schools of symbolism†¦as well as the popular genres of detective and horror fiction (Stern xxxviii). However, as many of Poe’s tales and poems conjure terror and trepidation, they also penetrate the imagination with fantasy. Poe repeatedly attempts and succeeds at making his readers endure analogous feelings as those charactersRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Writing Style1071 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allen Poe’s writing style was not well received during his life time, however his writing gained recognition as time passed turning him into a famous figure in the world of literature. Born in 1809, Poe died at the young age of 40 in 1849. Poe was one of the first writers to use short stories as a serious literary style. Most readers are unaware of the vast symbolism in Poe’s writing, but do enjoy the tonality and imagery he creates. Attention to detail and imagination allowed Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreEssay about Edgar Allan Poe1258 Words   |  6 Pagesfor much of his life could not share that with the world. Once he got into college, Poe started sharing his works with others. Soon he became famous and earned the name â€Å"Father Of Horror†. Edgar Allen Poe’s tragic life led to a fascination with the dark side which is certainly evident in â€Å"The Raven†. Edgar Allen Poe was a talented poet, who wrote many poems and books. Poe was born on January 19th 1809 in Boston Massachusetts(biography.com). He passed away on October 7th 1849, after being found unconscious

The Law of Immigration Free Essays

The 1990s have brought the largest influx of immigrants into labor force of the United States of any decade in this nation’s history. A panel of social science scholars concluded their assessment of U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on The Law of Immigration or any similar topic only for you Order Now society with the observation that â€Å"America’s biggest import is people† and determined that â€Å"at a time when attention is directed to the general decline in American exceptionalism, American immigration continues to flow at a rate unknown elsewhere in the world† [Oxford Analytica 1986, 20]. Unlike earlier mass immigration periods to the United States the present day wave of immigration to the U. S. how â€Å"no sign of imminent decline† [Bouvier 1991, 18]. â€Å"In today’s world setting, international migration is a discretionary action that is regulated by the specific actions of the governments of individual nation-states. † There is no international obligation for any nation to allow others to enter or to work, in fact, most nations do not admit immigrants Mass immigration has played a significant role in the economic history of the United States, nevertheless the harsh fact is that what may be necessary and beneficial at one time, may not be so at another. The demand for labor is being affected by restructuring forces stemming from the nature and pace of technological change; from the stiff international competition the United States that now confronts for the first time in its history; from major shifts in consumer spending away from goods toward services; In the national defense expenditures brought about by the end of the Cold War in the early 1990’s†. (vernon m. briggs,jr. and stephen moore. pg 35. ) In looking toward the future the twenty occupations projected to grow the fastest in the 1990s, half are related to the growing computer and health fields. The shift to a service based economy is leading to an upgrading of the skills and education required by the labor force. On the other hand the occupations that require minimal skills and education have declined and are presently forecasted to continue to do so. Immigration can be useful in the short run as a means of providing qualified workers where shortages of qualified domestic workers exist. But, the long-term objective should be that these jobs should go to citizens and resident aliens. The 1990 Census revealed that the percentage of foreign-born adults (25 ears and over) who had less than a ninth grade education was 25 percent (compared to only 10 percent for native-born adults) and whereas 23 percent of native-born adults did not have a high school diploma, 42 percent of foreign-born adults did not. Immigration, therefore, is a major contributor to the nation’s adult illiteracy problem. On the other hand, both foreign-born adults and native-born adults had the same percentage of persons who had a bachelor’s degree or higher (20. percent and 20. 4 percent, respectively), but with regard to those who had graduate degrees, foreign-born adults had a considerably igher percentage than did the native-born, 3. 8 percent versus 2. 4 percent. ( )† It is at both ends of the U. S. labor force that immigration has its greatest impact at the bottom and at the top of the economic ladder. â€Å"The overall unemployment rate of foreign-born workers in 1994 was 9. 2 percent, while the comparable national unemployment rate at the time was 6. 5 percent. The unemployment rate for foreign-born workers with less than a ninth grade education in 1994 was 13 percent; for those with some high school but no diploma, it was 15. 2 percent. The comparable rates for native-born workers were 13. 5 percent and 29. 9 percent. † Consequently, the greatest labor market impact of immigration is in the sector of the labor market that is already having the greatest difficulty finding employment. â€Å"The 1990 Census also disclosed that 79. 1 percent of the foreign-born population (five years old and over) speak a language other than English (compared to 7. 8 percent of the native-born) and that 47. percent of the foreign-born (five years and over) reported that they do not speak English very well. ( )† The ability to speak English n an increasingly service-oriented economy has been definitively linked to the ability to advance in the U. S. labor market of the post-1965 era [Chiswick 1992, 15]. Considering the factors aforementioned â€Å"the incidence of poverty among families of the foreign-born population in 1990 was 50 percent higher than that of native-born families or that 25 percent of the families with a foreign-born householder who entered the country since 1980 were living in poverty in 1990 ( ). â€Å"Nor is it surprising to find that immigrant families make greater use of welfare than do native-born families† [Borjas and Trejo Even when legitimate labor shortages exist, immigration should never be allowed to dampen the two types of market pressures: those needed to encourage citizen workers to invest in preparing for vocations that are expanding and those needed to ensure that governmental bodies provide the human-resource-development programs needed to prepare citizens for the new type of jobs that are emerging. † ( pg. 44 ). We may need to reconsider † an immigration policy that annually encourages or tolerates the mass entry of immigrants with only minimal regard to their human capital attributes or places dditional remedial burdens on an already underfunded and inadequate education and training system. It is not only the actual effects of increased competition for jobs and social services that are important, collectively we must consider the opportunity costs as well when considering immigration and its effect on our economy. â€Å"(Pg,48) The phrase â€Å"a melting nation of immigrants† is popularly used to describe the people who settled the United States. Historian Oscar Handlin added to this statement by stating that â€Å"once I thought to write a history of the immigrants in America. Then I discovered that the immigrants were American history† [Handlin 1951, 3]. † The benefits of immigration, however are manifold. Immigrants are highly entrepreneurial. Their rate of business start-ups and self employment tend to be higher than that of United States born citizens. Immigrants contribute to the global competitiveness of US corporations, particularly in high technology industries. Perhaps the most important benefit is that immigrants come to the United States with critically needed talents, energies that serve as an engine for economic progress. â€Å"(pg 78). Economist Ellen Seghal of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics did a study examining welfare usage in 1984 of several major federal programs of immigrants who entered the United States before 1982. She found that â€Å"the share of foreign born collecting public assistance including unemployment compensation, Food Stamps, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and AFDC was 12. 8 percent. The percentage for US born was 13. 9 percent. † (pg 93). A study by the City of New York’s Office of City Planning found that the public assistance rate was 7. 7 percent for immigrants and 13. percent for the population as a whole. Hispanic immigrants are alleged to be especially heavy users of welfare services, but the research does not verify this stereotype. A study done by the Urban Institute found the â€Å"annual welfare benefits averaged $575 per California household, as opposed to $251, per Mexican immigrant Do immigrants compete with American workers for jobs? â€Å"There are almost always economic losers under such competitions, even though the society as a whole is almost always left wealthier. The pressure of competition is one of the engines of conomic growth under a capitalist economy. â€Å"(pg98). † When immigrants come to the United States, they immediately raise the demand for US goods and services (Greenwood and McDowell 1986). † â€Å"They shop for food in US grocery stores; they move into apartments or homes, as producers’ immigrants fill jobs, but as consumers they create jobs†(pg106). Several studies have documented that the immigrants who come to the United States tend to be more skilled, more highly educated and â€Å"generally more economically successful than the average citizens in their home countries†. Among Iranians who came to the United States in 1979, 57 percent were professional, technical, or managerial workers. In Iran , only 6 percent of all the workforce falls into those high skill categories. In that same year, 68 percent of the immigrants from India fell into these high skilled categories compared to less than 5 percent among the entire Indian workforce. Finally, 15 percent of the 6,000 Haitians who entered the United States in 1979 through normal immigration channels were professionals, administrators, or managers compared to 1 percent for the Haitian workforce (Gibney 1990,372. † The hildren of immigrants also tend to reach exceptionally high levels of achievement as adults, in earnings and professional skills. â€Å"Economist Barry Chiswick has calculated that throughout this century, the children of immigrants have had earnings that are on the average 10 percent above those of comparably educated US born children (cited in McConnell 1988, 101 ). † Americans are split on an issue that will likely remain on the forefront for some time to come. The subtle nuances interwoven within the issue of immigration are facets that require answers more akin to shades of gray than black and white. How to cite The Law of Immigration, Papers

People Spend a Lot of Money Playing the Lottery

Question: Why do people spend a lot of money playing the lottery when the chances of winning are very slim and Is the addiction to playing the lottery a bigger risk than activity winning? Answer: Introduction It is often said that nothing tastes better than success and the idea of being successful is a very powerful drug. Lotteries have been intriguing and playing with the human desire of manipulating the feeling of being successful from times of old testament. From Roman and French kings to modern day governments all have used this intimidating and irresistible desire to finance a major portion of public works. The intoxication of near miss comes just after success and is a powerful driving element which makes one feel close to being successful at the very next attempt. It is necessary to however delve deep into the various underlying concepts that influence the people to actually play more and more despite the sheer probabilistic odds (Arvey et al.2004). Which people think they can defy. It is also an interesting research since despite several attempts that have been made in an attempt to find the answer to why people actually indulge in lottery no definite answer has really been found with the exception of cognitive theory (Willmann,1999). So the researcher will attempt to review the literature and and attempt to find if there are any new findings that can be made pertaining to this particular context. The research questions are: 1.What are the various theories of lottery gambling? 2.To understand is it the quench for money or the thrill of winning that attracts more people? 3. Why is that poor people tend to spend more on lotteries than wealthier people? Literature review: The specific game of pleasure is a primitive phenomenon for human civilization. Even, the reference of the term lottery in the Old Testament has been significant enough to show the imperative bond with human beings. There are various sorts of lotteries mentioned in the history of mankind and mostly recorded as an entertainment and sometimes to stable state deficits. Hence, state lottery has derived from that conception which helps the nation to balance the economy. It is must to admit that today, lottery is found to be a business colossal that involves more than 200 countries, with the estimation of 300 jurisdictions (Wood and Griffiths, 2002). This detailed chapter on the literature review of the essence of lottery to human being covers the five core prospective areas. Here, in this review the write up starts with an introductory background that has included the relation between lottery and the problems related to that on human beings. It follows with the segment on the alluring fac tors of lottery and its destructive approaches to human lives. This leads to a section where the marketing strategies of lottery have affected the perspectives of common man. Moreover, the review also consists of various descriptive pictures of electronic lotteries procedures that have a cynical result to psychology. It is known fact that people who are interested to play lottery are mostly considered the concept of credo least offer to lose. In addition to that, the written document does contain the entire code of practice, various policies, generated programs and also the impacts over social and economic culture (Amey, 2001). The most assertive constituent is the inclusion of detailed educational forum related to lottery and gambling for the new bee to get an access to this nocturnal world and get prepared to lose anything. The expeditious expansion of lottery gaming is mostly due its legalized formation that encourages great revenues to government from the last few decades. The c oncerned government has sharply fostered many policies, to motivate the game or rather gambling for those parts of the society who believes in dream and speedy success (Ashworth and Doyle, 2000). The sociological thinkers referred this abstract dream as a sink of money and knowledge. Money and knowledge both required for development and if these two get wasted, only dream and false hope are the last options to escape. Hence, this rational buying of fantasy is definitely a psychological disorder for those gamer who appreciates the dream of visualizing themselves as a big hot shot winner. First of all, lets take the topic that states the slim chances of winning this fantasy, as there are numerous alternatives that invite the candidates to hop on. The important part of the fantasy that motivates the lovers is to earn money without giving labor. Is this an established belief that can draw huge people by eradicating their conscientiousness? However, the government has succeeded to lure g reat number of poor people who are ready to spend minimum amount of penny to play their luck on weekly basis that is called state lottery. Moreover, the researchers (Chevalier and Allard, 2001) also find it amusing that state lottery is a mass experience which mainly targets the poor. Search Plan and Relevant Sources: The basic idea is to review the literature by searching various databases like Academic search premier, Google Scholar, Science Direct journal online etc. The period between 1999-2015 will be taken and the prime keyword for search will be Lottery, Gambling, Cognitive theory of gambling , Lotteries potential addictiveness etc. Time line of the research proposal: There are two different time horizons for conducting the research proposal , the longitudinal one is indicative of the time taken to collect the data while the cross-sectional shows the expected progress of the research. Fig 2: Gantt chart (Source: Kothari, 2004) Key Challenges: The key challenges will be in developing the structure of the dissertation to logically identify a rationale behind why exactly people go for lotteries despite the sheer odds of loosing.It will also be challenging to identify the right literature from which the actiual objectives may be fulfilled. Working Bibliography : Wood, R.T.A., Griffiths, M.D. (2002). Adolescent perceptions of the National Lottery and scratchcards: A qualitative study using group interviews. Journal of Adolescence, 25, 655-668. Amey, B. (2001). People's participation in and attitudes to gaming, 1985-2000. Wellington: Department of Internal Affairs. Ashworth, J., Doyle, N. (2000). Under 16s and the National Lottery. A report of the Social Research Division of BMRB for the National Lottery Commission. Chevalier, S., D. Allard. (2001). Lotteries, slot machines health: Survey on gambling in Montral [Summary Report]. Montreal-Centre Regional Health and Social Services Board. Adams, D. (2001). My ticket, my self: Lottery ticket number selection and the commodification and extension of the self. Sociological Spectrum, 21, 455477. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Ariyabuddhiphongs, V. (2006). A test of the social cognitive model of lottery gambling in Thailand. International Gambling Studies, 6, 7793. Ariyabuddhiphongs, V., Chanchalermporn, N. (2007). A test of social cognitive theory reciprocal and sequential effects: Hope, superstitious belief and environmental factors among lottery gamblers in Thailand. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23, 201214. Ariyabuddhiphongs, V., Chanchalermporn, N., Phengpol, V. (2009). Adapting the DSM-IV and SOGS scales to measure gambling problems among two groups of Thai lottery gamblers. Paper presented at the 14th international conference on gambling and risk taking, May 2529, 2009, Stateline, Nevada. Ariyabuddhiphongs, V., Phengphol, V. (2008). Near miss, gamblers fallacy and entrapment: Their influence on lottery gamblers in Thailand. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24, 295305. Arvey, R., Harpaz, I., Liao, H. (2004). Work centrality and post-award work behavior of lottery winners. The Journal of Psychology, 138, 404420. Willmann, G. (1999). The history of lotteries. Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University, California, USA.

Project Cost Management Techniques Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Project Cost Management Techniques. Answer: Introduction The report relates us to the topic of cost management involved in managing the cost required for the setup of a new call center. It helps the various business in predicting various expenses in an organization which will ultimate reduce their risk of going over the budget. Reducing the cost involved in a project can be achieved by increasing hiring, coaching and lastly better training of staff members, keeping an eye on the action or activities of various agents, improving the resolution of first call, Improving the schedule of cost and reducing or minimizing the cost of attrition. Various responsibilities which are involved for applying proper techniques for the development of new call center for large organization. Various factors like budget, monitoring expenditure, finalizing of cost, improvements which are involved in this project cost management has been discussed in details. Budget of a project mainly depends on following parameters like labor, materials, equipment, services and facilities. Cost control of project mainly comprises of following things like meeting of targets, progression as planned, cost as planned. Budgeting of project mainly comprises of following parameters like baseline of the cost involved in project. Project cost management consist of various process which mainly checks that the given project is completed in given time. It mainly helps in ensuring that the given project is completed within project. Budget Budget mainly involves development of an approximation or estimation of cost of resources which are needed for completion of various project activities. Cost Budgeting generally comprises of overall estimation of cost involved in project which will help in establishing a baseline for measuring the performance of various project. Inputs required for cost Budgeting: There are certain tools involved in cost budgeting that are estimation of cost, Work breakdown structure, schedule of project. It helps in estimation of cost of various resources like hardware, software, development of team salaries, training, operation labor which are involved in a project has been discussed in details. It can be present in summary or in details (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts., 2015). Scheduling of project is inclusive of planned start and proper finished dates for a project. Tools for cost Budgeting: Tools and techniques are considered to be mandatory for project development and estimation of cost and development of budget of various work items involved in a project (Meng., 2012). There are certain tools like Analog estimation, parametric modelling, Bottom-up estimation, tools for computerized, bottom up estimation, computerized tools. Analog estimation: Analog estimation is also known as top down estimation which means the cost of a previous project is compared with the present cost of project that is the implementation of new call center in a large firm. This method is generally less expensive than other method or techniques. Parametric Modelling: Parametric modelling consist of various parameters of project in a mathematical model which helps in analyzing the involved cost of this project that is the implementation of new call center. Models can be simple or complex as per the needs it is used accordingly. This model depends on various parameters like accurate information, various parameters used are quantifiable and lastly it should be flexible that is it can work for large project as well as for small project. Bottom- up estimation: Techniques which are involved in estimation of specific and individual work items and then adding the individual items for the various cost involved in a project. Computerized Tools: Various software tools likeproject management software and spreadsheets are widely used for analyzing and estimation of cost (Schwalbe, 2015). Theses software products can help in simplifying the use of tools involved in the project. Outputs of cost Budgeting: Cost budgeting helps in analyzing the cost baseline of a project. In this project that is the implementation of a new call center in an organization cost baseline is a time phased budget which will help in measuring and controlling the performance of cost involved in a project (Mir and Pinnington., 2014). It is developed by the help of estimation of cost and displaying it in the form of S curve. Monitoring Cost management Cost management generally comprises of following factors like changes in the cost of baseline to check for changes which can be beneficial for a firm and it also helps in analyzing the bassline of cost involved in a project and also managing the changes which can occur in a project like implementation of new call center in an organization. It generally comprises of four factors that are: Analyzation of performance of cost to checking the plan. Checking the various changes as recorded in the baseline of the cost involved. It prevents incorrect and unauthorized changes being implanted in the cost baseline. Altering the various involved stakeholders about the authorized changes. Inputs to cost controlling There are generally four parameters involved in it and this are cost baseline, performance report, change request and lastly cost management plan. Report of performance: It helps in analyzing information on performance of cost like the budget which has successfully completed and which has not been successfully completed (Reiss., 2013). This report can beneficial to project team to tackle problem which can arise in future. Change in request: Change in request may in many forms which can be oral or written, direct or indirect, external or internal which can be legally mandated or optional. Changes may be considered to be important for increasing the budget or decreasing it. Cost management plan: This plan describes how the variances in cost can be managed. A cost management can be formal or informal which can have details on the various requirements of the project. Tools and methods for cost controlling Change in cost control system: This system generally defines the various methods by which the cost baseline can be easily changed. It is inclusive of paperwork, tracking systems and approval levels. Cost change control system should be added with the overall change control system. Measurement of performance: This technique is very useful in controlling the cost involved in a project. Additional Planning: Generally, few project run according to the plan and changes may be required. Changes may be need new or update value of estimation of cost involved in a project. Computerized Tool: Various software equipments likeproject management software or spreadsheet can be considered to be beneficial for keeping a track of expected cost vs real cost and keeping a track of various effects of changes involved in it. Benefits of Cost control Helps in Revised estimation of cost: It is used for making changes in the cost information which is helpful in managing the project. Right stakeholder must be informed as pefr the need. Budget Updates: Budget updates are nothing but updated form of cost estimation. In other words, they can be stated as various changes which are involved in approval of cost baseline. Estimation at Completion: Estimation at cost or EAC is a forecast of total cost involved in a project. Some of the techniques involved in a project are tracking of remaining portion of a project, estimated of budget of the remaining work. Finalization of Cost Budget plan - INPUT VALUES Hardware $ 20,000.00 Software $ 900.00 Development team salaries $ 8,000.00 Training $ 1,000.00 Total Development Cost $ 29,900.00 Hardware $ 12,000.00 Software $ 210.00 Operational Labor $ 16,000.00 Total Operational Cost $ 28,210.00 Approximate salary savings $ 110,000.00 Reduced operating cost $ 45,000.00 Total Benefit $ 155,000.00 Improvements For the improvements of cost management technique in the new call center set up following twelve techniques must be applied (Phillips, 2013). These are activity based costing, target costing, total quality management, Benchmarking, Reengineering of various business process, JIT inventory control system, maintaining a balance score card, six sigmas, life cycle costing, Kaizan costing, Theory of constraints and lastly activity based management. Kaizan Costing: It refers to the continuous and gradual upgradation through small activities instead of large or radical movement which can be achieved through innovation or innovation in technology (Potts and Ankrah, 2014). In other words, it can be stated as the method of cost reduction which takes place during the manufacturing phase of the product. This method can be used in the implementation of new call center as it can benefit it through a number of ways. Six Sigma: This method or technique was first implement in Motorola which is a well-known organization. This method mainly focuses in reducing the cost, improvisation of process and increase in profits (Potts and Ankrah., 2014). This method consists of six steps like identification of process, defining of it, taking proper measure, analysis of it, improvisation and lastly control. Above mentioned steps can be proved to be beneficial for this organization that is call center. If this methodology is applied in this call center setup it can help in reducing different cost involved in it. This will ultimately help in reducing various cost which are involved in the set of this project. References DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Flyvbjerg, B., 2013. From Nobel prize to project management: getting risks right.arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.3642. Kerzner, H., 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons.prize to project management: getting risks right.arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.3642. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016.Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Meng, X., 2012. The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction.International journal of project management,30(2), pp.188-198. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), pp.202-217. Phillips, J., 2013.PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Potts, K. and Ankrah, N., 2014.Construction cost management: learning from case studies. Routledge. Reiss, G., 2013.Project management demystified: Today's tools and techniques. Routledge. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.